Theories Of The Origin Of The Moon :: essays research papers fc

The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. The distance from Earth is about 384,400km with a diameter of 3476km and a mass of 7.35*1022kg. Through history it has had many names: Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis by the Greeks. And of course, has been known through prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. Due to its size and composition, the Moon is sometimes classified as a terrestrial "planet" along with Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Origin of the Moon Before the modern age of space exploration, scientists had three major theories for the origin of the moon: fission from the earth; formation in earth orbit; and formation far from earth. Then, in 1975, having studied moon rocks and close-up pictures of the moon, scientists proposed what has come to be regarded as the most probable of the theories of formation, planetesimal impact or giant impact theory. Formation by Fission from the Earth The modern version of this theory proposes that the moon was spun off from the earth when the earth was young and rotating rapidly on its axis. This idea gained support partly because the density of the moon is the same as that of the rocks just below the crust, or upper mantle, of the earth. A major difficulty with this theory is that the angular momentum of the earth, in order to achieve rotational instability, would have to have been much greater than the angular momentum of the present earth-moon system. Formation in Orbit Near the Earth This theory proposes that the earth and moon, and all other bodies of the solar system, condensed independently out of the huge cloud of cold gases and solid particles that constituted the primordial solar nebula. Much of this material finally collected at the center to form the sun. Formation Far from Earth According to this theory, independent formation of the earth and moon, as in the above theory, is assumed; but the moon is supposed to have formed at a different place in the solar system, far from earth. The orbits of the earth and moon then, it is surmised, carried them near each other so that the moon was pulled into permanent orbit about the earth. Planetesimal Impact First published in 1975, this theory proposes that early in the earth's history, well over 4 billion years ago, the earth was struck by a large body called a planetesimal, about the size of Mars. The catastrophic impact blasted portions of the earth and the planetesimal into earth orbit, where debris from the

Would Life Still Be Meaningful in the Absence of an Afterlife?

When people ask about the meaning of their lives, they are more likely concerned as to what worth would their actions be on Earth if there is no specific end to the road that they travel on. Being inherently inclined to the material, Man always seeks reward for everything that we do in our lives. As children, we almost always seek to excel in class in order that we can have the persuasive power to ask our parents for the different goods that we have laid our eyes on. This is human nature, and our nature always invades into our train of thought.   â€Å"What would I get for doing this?† would be the collective question that permeates our minds if we think about the meaning of our lives. To them, the meaning of life is the material end which they believe their individual actions would entitle them to. People seek something tangible, something that can be felt, in determining the meaning of life. Some are also driven by their sufferings, their negative experiences, in questioning why they are here. They want to know to what purpose have they been born into this world, and why do they have to suffer that way. To them, the meaning of life is an answer, a reason that will explain the things that happen to them throughout their lives in this world. I believe that the question about the existence of the afterlife is detrimental to one's quest to finding meaning in his existence. Instead of finding the true value of our lives, we are now preoccupied with how we should act in order to attain the afterlife, and inevitably forget about the fact that we should be living as meaningfully as we could in this world that we have been born into. People, especially those who have found themselves in suffering and in great emotional pain, view the afterlife as a form of escape or a greener pasture that they believe awaits them if they play their cards right in their present lives. However, if we take away that notion, would life for us still be meaningful to live if there is no clear end to which we could direct our efforts to? II. The True Meaning of Life For me, life can still be meaningful despite the apparent absence, or lack of proof thereof, of the afterlife. From my point of view, the afterlife is a figurehead, a symbolic figure, perhaps created by the ancients to address man's question as to the meaning of his life. It is more of an abstract idea rather than a specific â€Å"life† by itself. I define the afterlife for its simplest meaning: â€Å"to live after we have died,† not an exact place that the supposed soul goes to after death. I believe that the idea of â€Å"going to Heaven by doing good† is made especially to cater to man's materialistic nature that everything he does should be given a reward. Obviously, man has been created with a reason. Each of us has a reason, maybe a mission, in this world that we have been born into. Unless we ascertain what that is, we obviously cannot find the meaning for our existence here on Earth. We will continue to ask ourselves why we are still here. But how can we find that answer? Perhaps, the famous adage â€Å"no man is an island† is what I'll consider the most apt and summarized answer to the question of â€Å"Why are we here?† Man exists for the sake of his fellowmen. We are made for the service of each other. That is what man should live for: the good of his fellow human beings and not himself. Every action that we take should be decided with the well-being of our fellowmen in mind, and not just ourselves. The key to finding meaning to our earthly lives is to start shedding our selfish human nature and start living for our fellows. Man's suffering in this world is brought about by his earthly desire to preserve his own self, his discontentment and his desire to hoard all good things in this world for himself. The more material things Man receives, the more he desires, and the more he feels empty because not all things in this world are achievable. Leading such life is meaningless, for there is no point in that life that man can say that his purpose in living has been fulfilled, that he has found his reason for existing. One would probably argue that the key to self-fulfillment and happiness is to achieve all that we have longed for, definitely including money. However, that is materialism, and anything material is temporary and empty. The feeling is passing, and leads to more emptiness and questions, leading to emotional suffering and discontentment. Like Epicurus said, â€Å"the wealth required by vain ideals extends to infinity.† I, for one, would not be able to find happiness even if I had the power to buy everything that this world could offer and money could buy, because there will always be something better than the ones we have. With endless supply of money perhaps, I would be able to buy those things that I could lay my eyes on. However, I still would not be satisfied because then I find something I do not have, and will then long for it again. The process will go on and on until I find that there is no end to the material wealth that the world offers. When we die, all the material things that we have worked for will not go with us to the grave. Materialism is human nature, and like I said, we should overcome human nature if we are to start finding the meaning of life. If I spend my life entertaining every material and carnal urges that I would find, I would be living in vain because in the end it will all come down to nothing. In finding the meaning of life, we should start looking beyond ourselves and start thinking of what is good for the people around us and ourselves as a whole. This constitutes morality, as one does not learn the value of morality without learning to consider what things would be good for him alone, and what things will benefit both him and the people around. When we are morally upright, we will feel a sense of peace and security. For example, an honest man will have nothing to fear from the law than a dishonest thief will. People might say that honesty is actually subjective because the law has loopholes that can be exploited and bent in ascertaining who is honest from the dishonest, but there is the basic law of morality that we are all governed by. A thief may be able to circumvent the due process of law to his favor, but for the rest of his life he will live in fear that someone will come up with some kind of evidence to implicate him. By then, his life would have been meaningless and without peace, spent in fear of the justice that he has evaded. The time allotted for him to exist in Earth would have been wasted, for instead of cherishing every moment that has been granted to him, he instead spends it in dread and apprehension. III. Conclusion The lack of proof that the afterlife exists will not deter me from finding meaning in living my own life, even if my death is the most definite end of my journey. A life of service through acts of kindness and selfless is, for me, the most meaningful life that I can possibly lead. The greatest fulfillment that I could have for myself is the feeling of peace and contentment that I can attain by being satisfied and being thankful for the things that I have, rather than wasting it trying to own the world and finding no peace in entertaining my material nature. To sum it up, the meaning of my life would be the peacefulness that I would get when I look back at my life when I am in my deathbed, knowing that I have done as little wrong as possible in the time that I have lived on Earth. It is the peace I'd feel in knowing that, in living my life, I have not stepped on anyone's rights and lives for my own gain.                     

Different Methods of Communication - 15726 Words

Different methods of communication 1.0 Introduction Communication can be considered as one of the most important parts of human life that has evolved during the history of our existence. Different methods of communication from smoke signal to sign languages to face to face communication have played an important part in our lives. Rapid development in the technology field caused evolution of electronic communication and we started to develop better and faster tools and methods to communicate with each other. As the result of faster and more effective communication people started to learn about different cultures and regions. Actions or deliverables which took our ancestors weeks if not months to achieve were made possible in hours. It†¦show more content†¦During the BSc course at Royal Holloway, the Information Systems Theory and Practice module team conducted a virtual training project which triggered the interest in this aspect of technology. The project involved conducting research into the potential virtual training market by conducting different surveys. Based on the research the team proposed the best method of delivering virtual training such as the use of video conferencing. The team also had to justify the use of virtual sessions for training instead of using traditional face to face training. To increase profit margin and reduce overhead expenses many organisations in the near future will be aiming to conduct virtual sessions. It is much easier to install the hardware and train people on how to use the equipment, but the main challenge is to monitor and increase the level of human interaction. If the human computer interaction is increased and the participants have more freedom and comfort to carry virtual session the result will increase drastically. It will increase the flow of communication which will result in more sharing of knowledge. The motivation to investigate this field is not only based on the reason that this could be the future for all most all organisations but also on the very interesting topic of human computer interaction. Another motivation to conduct this research is to help to reduce the carbonShow MoreRelatedThe Different Methods Of Communication1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn general, there are two different methods of communication. First, verbal messages occur face to face, by telephone, in writing and via computer assistance (Payne). The second method is nonverbal messages which occur through the use of facial expressions, tone of voice, physical gestures and distance/touching and the use of silence. Nonverbal communication is arguably the most complex method of communication. For example, we often gesture with our hand and fingers the â€Å"A-OK† (Figure 4). UnfortunatelyRead MoreEssay Method Of Communication And Different Uses Of Communication816 Words   |  4 Pages Method of Communication and Different Uses of Communication With the development of civilization and written languages came the need for more frequent and reliable methods of communication allowing messages to reach longer distances. This was essential to the control of trade and other affairs between nations and empires. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early man used cave walls as the media on which messages could be transcribed, this was common for many years, until the Egyptians discovered aRead MoreDifferent Interdisciplinary Methods Of Patient Clinician Communication1680 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is complex yet essential to our life and with the different beliefs, ethnicities, and attitudes communication can deteriorate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different interdisciplinary methods of patient-clinician communication. This topic is important to me because having the ability to be effective in my communication results in satisfaction, fulfillment, quality, safety, contentment, and peace. I hope to become successful in understand and to beunderstood in my communicationRead MoreDifferent Interdisciplinary Methods Of Patient Clinician Communication794 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the different interdisciplinary methods of patient-clinician communication. This topic is important to me because having the ability to be effective in my commu nication results in satisfaction, fulfillment, quality, safety, contentment, and peace. After writing this paper I hope to learn the many different techniques and skills to increase and sharpen my level of communication. I hope this new knowledge will inspire me to continually keep an open mind, whileRead MoreDifferent Methods of Oral and Written Communication Used in a Business553 Words   |  3 PagesDifferent Methods of Oral and Written Communication Used in a Business Ikea Oral Ikea use the tannoy system in their store in order to communicate with their employees. They use the tannoy to call the employees to meetings and it is also used to gather the employees in the morning for their daily huddle. These huddles are very useful, and appropriate as they are arranged in order to give out information to the employees, as well as to discuss problems fromRead MoreDifferent Backgrounds May Use And / Or Interpret Communication Methods1746 Words   |  7 Pages3.1 People from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways because every family has their own way of communicating together. For example: some children might hear or speak more than one language at home or they could hear others swearing. This can affect children’s communication and how they communicate as adults. People could live in the same country but still have a language barrier, this could be because they may be from a different region. For example:Read MoreDifferent Communication Methods Strategically Using Email For Short, Neutral Exchanges Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pages6 Tips 1. Use different communication methods strategically (email for short, neutral exchanges; chat for information talk and group discussions, etc.) 2. Promote internal bonding (create opportunities for informal conversations) 3. Set clear expectations (work and schedules expectations for both teammates and manager) 4. Define the â€Å"Why† (bigger-picture as to why teammate work is essential) 5. Track progress (consistent and objective tracking for teammate progress) 6. Be transparent (let your teammatesRead MoreEssay about Week Three Assignment Hca 3201284 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care Communication Methods HCS/320 June 17, 2013 Lyubov Kiseleva Axia College of University of Phoenix Every day in the health care field, professional have to choose the most effective communication method when communicating to other professionals, patients, patient families, and the general public. Different circumstances have very specific methods of communication that need to be utilized for communication to be effective. Furthermore, in the health care field the regulationsRead MoreThe Impact Of Communication On Project Performance1255 Words   |  6 Pages CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Communication is an essential key that will manipulate the organization operation by transfer of information. The research study about the impact of communication on project performance. This research will explore the communication method used and the effective communication method of construction industry in Kuantan. An introduction of what is the overall content of this research are shown in Chapter 1. This chapter will include background ofRead MoreIntroduction: . The Following Work Is An Analysis And Exploration1330 Words   |  6 Pagesexploration of the Heron’s (1975) communication model, in relation to nursing but also my own future practice. The purpose of this assignment is to show the links between the model and nursing practice when dealing with a range of people and situations. Furthermore, it’s to link a reliable and accurate nursing theory to my practice to be able to develop in my nursing practice throughout my career. Heron’s (1975) communication model looks at the verbal interactions between different kinds of people and the

SPE 578 Complete Class - 2363 Words

SPE 578 Complete Class - DOES NOT Include Week 3 Individual SPE 578 Models, Theories and Instructional Strategies for SPE - DOES NOT Include Week 3 Individual Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/SPE-578/SPE-578-Complete-Class-Guide For more classes visit www.assignmentlocud.com SPE 578 Week 1 DQ 1 Using what you have learned from the readings, discuss why you think lesson plans are important to teaching and which part(s) of the lesson plan will you find most helpful? Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/SPE-578/SPE-578-Week-1-DQ-1 For more classes visit www.assignmentlocud.com SPE 578 Week 1 DQ 2 It seems that for every university and every teacher there is a†¦show more content†¦Create a learning goal related to this content area and grade level. Write one developmentally appropriate learning objective for the goal related to each level of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Follow the ABCD format described in the Writing Observable and Measurable Instructional Goals and Objectives when writing your objectives. Reflect and discuss how teachers adjust instruction based on objectives. Write a summary statement explaining how lesson plan objectives relate to instruction. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. For more classes visit www.assignmentlocud.com SPE 578 Week 3 DQ 1 Discuss the different strengths and weaknesses of formative and summative assessments and where you would best use them in your classroom. Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/SPE-578/SPE-578-Week-3-DQ-1 For more classes visit www.assignmentlocud.com SPE 578 Week 3 DQ 2 Discuss how instructionally sound assessments support Response to Intervention (RTI) and student learning. Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/SPE-578/SPE-578-Week-3-DQ-2 For more classes visit www.assignmentlocud.com SPE 578 Week 3 DQ 3 Professional Learning CommunitiesShow MoreRelatedCarrefour Financial Report42411 Words   |  170 PagesEQUIVALENTS Cash and cash equivalents totaled 3,849  million euros at December  31, 2011, compared with 3,271  million euros one year earlier, an increase of 578  million euros. The year-on-year change breaks down as follows: (in millions of euros) 2011 2,360 (117) 104 (229) 2,118 (2,330) 495 1,329 108 (398) (811) (126) 853 (1,132) 46 (1,170) 28 578 3,271 3,849 2010(1) 2,914 (729) 635 (84) 2,736 (1,832) 196 (320) (351) (2,307) (864) (943) 221 907 335 (344) (114) (29) 3,300 3,271 Cash ï ¬â€šow fromRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdifï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases whichRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagescarry out health insurance exchange subsidies. Sec. 542. Offering of exchange-participating health benefits plans through cafeteria plans. Sec. 543. Exclusion from gross income of payments made under reinsurance program for retirees. Sec. 544. CLASS program treated in same manner as long-term care insurance. Sec. 545. Exclusion from gross income for medical care provided for Indians. Subtitle B—Other Revenue Provisions PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. 551. 552. 553. 554

Essay on Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Frank Capra’s â€Å"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington† In Frank Capra’s 1939 people’s fable â€Å"Mr. Smith goes to Washington â€Å"Jefferson Smith, a young, idealistic, and naà ¯ve hero from a Midwestern state is thrust into public notoriety through a chance course of events. His journey will compel him to contemplate the veracity of the political foundation which supports American democracy and confront the corruption which seeks to erode it. Smith, leader of the Boy Rangers, an organization closely based on the Boy Scouts of America, becomes a state hero after â€Å"single-handedly† putting out a forest fire. Like a fabled hero, his statewide popularity burgeons, particularly amongst his state’s youth. When an unexpected†¦show more content†¦In so doing, Smith stumbles into the movie’s central struggle. While directly Capra’s film powerfully illustrates Smith’s own intense confrontation with a seemingly omnipotent political machine; his ultimate victory is a condemnation of all industrial greed as well as a reaffirmation of the power of the citizen to make an impact in a government that through all its shortcomings is still democracy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Capra’s film is dramatically enhanced by its patriotic representation of our National’s capitol, with particular emphasis on the splendor of the Capitol and strength of the Lincoln Memorial. These images are constant visual reminders of the freedom and strength of personal choice provided by our government. The film’s score composed of traditional renditions of patriotic melodies including â€Å"Yankee Doodle† and † Auld Lang Syne† only reinforces these sentiments. Capra’s most dramatic use of setting is the reconstruction of the Senate chamber, the site for the film’s most climactic and inspiring scene. Unwilling to allow the Senate to vote on his expulsion and empowered with the goal of uncovering the Willet Dam Project as fraud, Smith skillfully filibusters the Senate in hopes that his state’s populace will come to his support. Despite Taylor’s ruthless propaganda, Smith’sShow MoreR elatedEssay about Film Review: Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington1887 Words   |  8 Pages In Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, a naà ¯ve Jefferson Smith sets off for Washington D.C. as a United States Senator, where he learns that politics is not as transparent as it may seem. Released in 1939, one of the most successful years for film, Mr. Smith became a smash hit, easily becoming the second largest blockbuster of that year. However, 1939 was also the year World War II had started, and coupled with the war’s association with the Great Depression, the hit film was bound toRead MoreJulius Caesar Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesGlover’s Sydney Morning Herald article ‘Take a Moment to Mourn the Mainstream’, debating against the depreciation of the respect over radio stations between generations, and Frank Capra’s classic film ‘Mr. Smith Goes to Washington’, which expresses the triumph of American ideals through the conflicting morals of Senator Jefferson Smith and Joseph Paine. In each we see how the respectiv e composers have used main protagonists as well as various literary and cinematic devices to express the theme of conflictingRead MoreMr. Smith Goes : Washington Analysis1180 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Smith Goes to Washington Analysis In Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, a modern David and Goliath story of a man taking on a system way more powerful than himself is evident in its themes of patriotism and standing up in the face of injustice. James Stewart’s portrayal of a naà ¯ve and patriotic junior senator serves as a vehicle with which Capra exposed a side of American politics that previously had been beyond the eyes of the everyman. With the help of incredible supporting actorsRead MoreThe Grain of the Voice1312 Words   |  5 Pagesscreens. James Stewart: Mr Smith Goes to Washington (Frank Capra, 1939) In the early 1930s, many prominent stars with very recognizable voices surface in Hollywood, and one among these rising stars was James Stewart, whom was said to be made famous by Capra’s Mr Smith Goes to Washington. In Capra’s film, Stewart plays the character of Jefferson Smith, a kind-hearted and naà ¯ve young senator who finds himself trapped in the webs of dirty politics. As the story gradually unfolds, Smith finds his strengthRead MoreFrank Capra1544 Words   |  7 PagesFrank Capra Have you ever heard about the great filmmaker Francesco Rosario Capra? Perhaps you’ve heard of his 1946 film â€Å"It’s a Wonderful Life† (Laurie Boeder)? Or his 1941 film â€Å"Meet John Doe† (Laurie Boeder)? These two are just a few films of his great work. Capra was a unique filmmaker. He struggled to keep his dream alive and managed to become one of the most successful filmmakers ever. Frank Capra was born on â€Å"May 18, 1897 in Bisacquino, Sicily. On May 10, 1903, his family left for AmericaRead More Destry Rides Again, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, and the Fall of the Hollywood Studio System3533 Words   |  15 PagesRides Again, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, and the Fall of the Hollywood Studio System Thomas Schatz cites the 1950’s as the inevitable end of the Hollywood film studio system, with the signs appearing as early as the height of the second World War (472). However, the seeds of discontent and disintegration within the system were apparent as soon as the late 1930’s, exemplified in such films as Destry Rides Again (1939, George Marshall) and Mr. Smith Goes To Washington (1939, Frank Capra). TheRead MoreThe Power Of Big Business1183 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of the year (PBS; 2007). During this turmoil and chaos abroad, the United States clings to its principles of freedom and democracy, described in Roosevelt’s 1939 State of the Union (â€Å"Franklin Delano Roosevelt†). So when the film, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, criticizes the very governmental foundations the country so desperately clings to, the film is not met with enthusiasm but rather controversy. The movie criticizes the power of big business and its influence on public opinion, insinuatingRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagespercent of all box-office receipts. The Hollywood Studio System =========================== MGM --- * Known For: glitz and glamour * In Charge: Louis B. Mayer, Irving Thalberg * Directors: George Cukor, Frank Borzage * Actresses: Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Norma Shearer, Myrna Loy, Jean Harlow * Actors: Clark Gable, Robert Taylor, William Powell, Walter Pidgeon, Melvyn Douglas, Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, James

Stress Management Among Working Womens in India Free Essays

Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results inpsychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivationand increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such asreduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolatedand disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management Among Working Womens in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manycompanies have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways toincrease connectedness and motivation of their employees. Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued atwork. These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secureat their jobs, translating into greater productivity. However, not all companieshave such measures in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, itis up to you to make sure that you can cope with stress at your workplace, anduse it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps to help you with copingwith stress in the workplace. Step 1: Raising Awareness Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping thescales from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signsof being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leadingto disastrous consequences to your health and overall wellbeing. You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physicalor psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience anyof these reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negativeemotions, and if you are constantly worried. Step 2: Identify the Cause You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the risein stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer 18 to things beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues atwork. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we onlystart reacting to stress when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope. Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negativeemotions, or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change theway that we cope with it. Step 3: Coping with Stress In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calmyour mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positiveway. This can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situationis triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself fromit. Go outside and take a walk to calm down. Alternatively, you can tryimplementing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internalstressor, stop your thought process until you are able to deal with it logically. The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are notinstantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice themso that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed. (1. 2. 5) Stress Management Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to gobeyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out andplaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-bodyexhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and theconditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget thatstressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. 19 Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension,sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic healthproblems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervoussystems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked withstress. Like â€Å"stress reactions†, â€Å"relaxation responses† and stress managementtechniques are some of the body’s important built-in response systems. As arelaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Somehormones released during the ‘fight or flight’ situation prompt the body to replacethe lost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knottednerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don’t get relaxing and soothing situations withoutasking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations. Recognizing a stressor: It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times,even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts toit internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us throughsymptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various bodyaches that something is wrong. It is important to remain attentive to suchsymptoms and to learn to cope with the situations. 20 How to cite Stress Management Among Working Womens in India, Essay examples

An Essay on Baudrillard free essay sample

Baudrillard’s impact will be discussed in relation to social theory, namely structuralism and post modern theory. Furthermore, in order to completely understand Baudrillard’s view it is essential to apply the element of simulation and the hyperreal to today’s society. As Baudrillard boldly stated that ‘the gulf war did not take place,’ this discussion will look at the current media portrayal of the Israeli-Palestinian situation and the current, on-going intifada. References to relevant scholarly literature will be made to support opinions and justify statements. Although Baudrillard’s many writings on post modernism gained him a substantial following, Social theorist, Andrew Hussey explains that Baudrillard’s most famous commentaries would have to be his identifications of the terms Simulation and the Hyperreal. â€Å"Jean Baudrillard is celebrated for his ideas of simulation and hyperreality, which he uses to describe a world in which, as he sees it, images have replaced reality to the extent that objective truth about any human experience from art to war has become impossibility. † (Hussey, A. 2003, p. 33) To elaborate, Baudrillard’s most ecognisable notion that â€Å"the Gulf war of 1991 did not take place† (Hussey, A. 2003, p. 33) simply means that what audiences or media consumers were offered wasn’t a ‘real war,’ it was in fact a construction of media. It was a war, devoid of bloodshed and suffering – a mere media circus. Hussey, in ‘The Game of War states the Gulf war confirmed Baudrillard’s theories of simulacrum and hyperreality. † (Hussey, A. 2002, p50) To expand, the terms simulation and hyperreality refer to Baudrillard’s idea that reality no longer exists; that reality is replaced with images, signs and codes that are created by and take place in the mass media. Generally the role of media is thought to be, to represent or report on reality. However, Baudrillard’s main argument is that media no longer acts as a mechanism for mere representation, but is, as Douglas Kellner explains â€Å" coming to constitute a hyperreality, a new media reality – more real than real – where ‘the real’ is subordinate to representation leading to an ultimate dissolving of the real. † He continues in upholding Baudrillard’s view that the â€Å"media neutralizes and dissolves all content†¦leading to a collapse of meaning and to the destruction of distinctions between media and reality. (Kellner, D. 1989, essay UCLA) Ultimately, Baudrillard’s claim is based on the premise that mass media is responsible for the eradication of truth and certainty in the representation of society. Furthermore, arguing that representation no longer exists. This means that what is ‘represented’ is in fact fabrica ted to portray a more desirable concept of reality. This view is representative of, what Baudrillard refers to as â€Å"third order simulation† (Lane, R. 2000, p86). Where as first and second order simulation make allowances for the existence of reality â€Å"third-order simulation †¦ generates what he calls ‘hyperreality – that is, a world without a real origin. † (Lane, R. 2000, p86). Through various definitions and references to social theorists, the terms of simulation and hyperreality have taken shape. In addition it has become evident that Baudrillard’s assertion that mass media are responsible for the annihilation of the real is the main focus of this discussion. However, to simply define and discuss Baudrillard’s notion of simulation and hyperreality doesn’t succeed in the task of analysis. In order to successfully analyse this specific element of Baudrillard’s many theories, it is necessary to look at the strengths and the weaknesses of the case that he presents. Touted by many as being ‘More McLuhan than McLuhan;† Baudrillard takes McLuhan’s theory of â€Å"the medium is the message† and makes it the foundation for his argument of simulation and the hyperreal. Timothy Luke agrees by saying that â€Å"McLuhan’s formula†¦is appropriately the key formula of the era of simulation. † (Luke, T. 1991, p. 347). McLuhan presented a revolutionary theory that was widely accepted by, and enthralled many. To have a viable and heavily supported theory as the basis for an argument surely generates widespread interest and trust, to a certain degree. Baudrillard takes McLuhan’s theory and applies it to the post-modern world. Therefore his theory of simulation and hyperreality shares strengths with that of McLuhnaism. Like McLuhan, Baudrillard’s theory is concerned with mass media effects on a â€Å"macro-level† rather than being concerned with the impact on the individual. Furthermore, with technologies’ constant evolution, the notions of simulation and the hypereal continue to â€Å"enjoy longevity† (Baran Davis. 2003, p302) as new advances are made. An additional strength of Baudrillard’s argument is that he manages to blur the lines of media and audience, and, sender and receiver. This blurring of boundaries is what essentially upholds his notion of simulation. His whole point rests in the argument that â€Å"where the distinction between poles can no longer be maintained, one enters into simulation and hence almost absolute manipulation†¦not passivity, but the non-distinction of active and passive. † (Luke, T. 1991, p347). In order to successfully analyse Baudrillard’s notion of simulation and hyperreality, it isn’t sufficient to only present the theory’s strengths. Weaknesses are prevalent in Baudrillard’s argument and therefore need to be addressed. Just as the previously mentioned blurring of boundaries can been viewed as strength, Baudrillard, as Luke stresses is guilty of â€Å"lumping everything into the category of seduction. † (Luke, T. 1991, p348). Luke explains that Baudrillard overlooks factors such as politics, sex, money, power and economy and assumes that they are â€Å"one universal force† (Luke, T. 1991, p348). A major weakness is that Baudrillard underestimates the various factors of society, underestimates their power and most importantly overlooks the capacity of the individual. His theory assumes a ‘mass media approach’ that undermines the individual’s ability to choose to interact with media. Ultimately, Luke states that â€Å"Baudrillard makes claims and never really demonstrates definitely how this all works with carefully considered evidence. † (Luke, T. 1991, p348). As a famous structuralist, Baudrillard had a profound impact on communication theory. Structuralism refers to the notion that the world is made up of â€Å"relationships rather than things† and that an â€Å"entity or experience cannot be perceived unless and until it is integrated into the structure of which it forms a part† (Hawkes, T. 992, p18. ) Baudrillard’s main contribution was the observation that codes and symbols are all connected to the various discourses of media. Simulation and hyperreality stem from Baudrillard’s observation that media produces ‘hyperreal’ forms of nature. What Baudrillard doesn’t consi der is that interpretation of the ‘hyperreal’ differs from individual to individual due to each persons own unique ideology. Eventually, Baudrillard’s contribution has been significant and somewhat controversial. Whether one agrees with Baudrillard’s observations or not; Hussey states that â€Å"today, Baudrillard is everywhere, even in the places he never expected or wanted to be. (Hussey, A. 2003, p33). Whether his views echo through the Big Brother house or more poignantly, in the ‘media’s’ Middle East, is yet to be explored. Baudrillard’s concept of simulation and hyperreality is evident in society today. A prime example is the current Israeli – Palestinian situation. Is what audiences see in the media a ‘real’ portrayal of the situation in this tiny corner of the Middle East? Or is it once again â€Å"the hyperreal television image† (Lewis Slade, 2000, p. 92). To illustrate it is necessary to draw on a scenario provided by Mitchell G. Bard. â€Å"During the intifada it was common for the media to portray the battle in David versus Goliath terms, an image reinforced by pictures of children tossing stones at heavily armed soldiers. The situation was actually quite different, as U. S. journalist Sidney Zion discovered during an august 1988 visit to Bethlehem. Zion was nearly struck by a rock while riding in a taxi cab. It’s a good thing the rock missed me†¦. It was clear the Arabs weren’t aiming for dead air . Zion said that American media reports had led him to believe that the rock throwers were aiming at the Israeli Army, not at taxicabs. Did you ever see anything on TV? Did you read anything contrary in the newspapers? Kids were tossing stones at soldiers, that’s all! It simply didn’t occur to me that American journalists would suppress news of a life and death danger†¦On any given day in the West bank, Israeli civilians are getting brain damaged from these nice little Arab youngsters and their pebbles† Myths and Facts: A Guide to the Arab Israeli Conflict Mitchell G. Bard (2002, p316) This scenario indicates that Baudrillard’s concept of the ‘hyperreal’ is relevant in today’s society. Baudrillard’s claim that the media machine is generating, a simulated version of truth can be seen in the example of the coverage of Israeli-Palestinian situation. Tamar Liebes refers to the media’s coverage of the Palestinian intifada (Palestinian resistance and uprising) by using the terms â€Å"Our War† and â€Å"Their War† (1992, p44). Liebes is referring to Israeli and American coverage. The two concepts can be compared as in today’s global society; Israeli’s have both representations at the flick of a switch. Israeli news presents â€Å"Our War† and CNN presents â€Å"Their War. Therefore, Baudrillard, although radical in his views, to a degree, is still very much relevant today. As an Australian, if one asks any Israeli ‘Do you really catch a bus to work? They’re always blowing up! ’ Most will answer, with an ironic smirk â€Å"If I could afford not to catch the bus everyday, then I could probably afford not to work! Media consumers are more likely to believe the media’s version of reality, rather than the natural reality. Baudrillard claims â€Å"We no longer believe what we see until we have seen it on television. † (Lewis Slade, 2000, p. 92). There are many ways that Jean Baudrillard has been described. However, what is most important is to analyse the relevance of what he actually claims. His concept of simulation and hyperreality has been well documented throughout mass communication theory and various opinions exist on the merits, relevance, strengths and weaknesses of his arguments. To successfully anaylse the major element of simulation and hyperrealty it was necessary to define the terms and to outline the major argument. Furthermore, successful analysis is incomplete without identifying the key strengths and weaknesses of Baudrillard’s claims. Various strengths and weaknesses have been highlighted and elaborated upon. Baudrillard’s impact on communication theory was discussed. However, this impact is best explained when related to an existing media situation. The media’s coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian situation exemplifies that Baudrillard’s concept of simulation and hyperreality is relevant in today’s society.