Different instructional models widely used around the globe Essay

Different instructional models widely used around the globe - Essay Example After that we analyzed a lesson plan. We critically studied the strategy upon its merits and demerits. Lastly, We reviewed the assigned article and tried to filter out the need of academic or aptitude tests and their unwanted burden on our teachers, parents and most of all our students. There are different educational philosophies having different focal ideas. Perennialism, Essentialism and Progressivism are being followed education programs all over the world. Let’s explore the ideas in a little more detail. Firstly, Perennialists focus on the introduction of the western civilization and its approach towards facts that do not change. Humans rationalize things and thus need intellectual growth. In all the study programs today, it is on the highest priority to nourish humans with information as well as aesthetic taste e.g. arts, music, books, natural constants and so forth. Robert Maynard way back in 1963 developed a program that later further developed by Mortimer Adler. Secon dly, Essentialists believe that there is a set of moral and ethical knowledge that should be common for any student. Therefore, conservative approach of essentialism advocates for moral, ethical and cultural values that an institution should teach. In addition to more orthodox learning of reading, writing and computing, teachers should teach about respect, discipline or emotional expression and control etc. Thirdly, Progressivism believes that focus should be on the subject, in this case a child, and not on the content or a teacher. All students are born with the same capabilities but with different interests. Hence the deliverance should be more experimental oriented rather instructional. A single problem may be rationalized differently depending on the surroundings, physical arrangement and cultural setup. A scientifically designed program is adopted so that students acquire first hand knowledge. According to John Dewey, a staunch advocate of progressive education system, citizens should experience liberty in the school rather submissive and totally dictatorial environment. In the early 19th century, in United States schools were only accessible to wealthy citizens only. Social activists realized that to establish a healthy and a progressive society, education should be available to all. As a result of untiring efforts, by the end of the 19th century, elementary level education was available to all American citizens. In some states it was even compulsory. In the 20th century, Americans showed grate improvement and number of students graduating from high schools surged up to 85 percent. In the 20th century, Americans experienced global issues with a unique political setup like World War II, Vietnam War, Cold War era left deep impact on American education system. Beside that, a number of historically important internal events like the Great Depression and the Civil Rights Movement left their effects on the education system too. Today, being the World’s most powerful country United States has completely new set of responsibility. Composition of its multi-ethnic population has introduced new subjects in its education system to adhere different social setup intact in future. Similarly teachers’ training programs have been introduced to avoid any unrest in the society. Like other social and cultural units, the event of 9/11 has impacted the education system also. Steps have been taken to eliminate any racial profiling in the schools. However, there are other issues also to deal with. For instance, drugs, street or domestic violence and its psychological effects, sex abuse, alcohol abuse and smoking issues. American educatio

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Essay Example for Free

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Essay A soldier must have the mentality of, â€Å"I must kill or I’ll be killed† or they will surely perish. Taking this idea to heart can be a very moralistic test that most people can’t handle. All Quiet on the Western Front is one of the greatest war novels ever written because of its exposing graphic depiction of war. In the short note before Chapter One, Remarque lets the reader know exactly what themes he intends. War is savage, unjustified and unnatural. He intends to explain why the war was responsible for the destruction of an entire generation. Remarque is very clear on the strength of his themes, and uses graphic imagery to show the reader the physical and psychological impact that war has on a person. War brings about hardship, pain and suffering to all involved. It is the battle of two sides made of young men; many of them do not understand what they are fighting for or who they are fighting. Remarque’s novel All Quiet on the Western Front helps portray the image of war and idea of warfare in a pretty gruesome way. He also made his point through the physical deterioration, but mostly through mental and emotional destruction of Paul Baumer and his comrades. In the novel, Remarque does a flawless job conveying the horrible misfortunes of war. Through the eyes of Paul Baumer, a story is told of hopelessness and desperation on the German front lines of WWI. As Baumer and his comrades experience starvation and injury among other hardships, the reader begins to comprehend how tragic war is. They experienced things that can and will traumatize most human beings. Its unendurable. It is the moaning of the world, it is the martyred creation, wild with anguish, filled with terror, and groaning. Ch. 4, p. 62. This scene was the most graphic and horrendous part of the book. It really exemplified the tragedy of war. Detering was very disturbed by this because he’s a farmer. He believed that the horses have innocent souls and that they’re beautiful and should never have been involved. Detering has a special place for animals in his heart so much so that he’d risk his life to find them and put them out of their misery. Remarque knew that war changes people mentally and emotionally, more often than physically. It is very possible that he himself was damaged mentally and emotionally through his service in WWI. We have lost all feeling for one another. We can hardly control ourselves when our hunted glance lights on the form of some other man. We are insensible, dead men, who through some trick, some dreadful magic, are still able to run and to kill. Ch. 6, p. 115. This quote embodies the thesis that Remarque was portraying in this novel. It explains how the soldiers notice their mental and emotional corrosion caused by the horrific things they have witnessed and committed during the war. They can’t really understand why they are still able to fight, but they know that they can’t stop under any circumstances. Soldiers are forced to adopt the dominating mindset of â€Å"kill or be killed. † Remarque realized that when this embracement happens it’s just a matter of time before they become â€Å"dead men. † During WW1 men between the ages of 18 and 30 had to enter the military draft. This meant that post teens would be fighting for their country and risking their lives, while all they knew was school and the safety of their own homes. The protagonist in Paul Baumer was only 19 years old in the novel and he frequently thought about girls and liked to drink a lot. In many ways, Paul is ordinary, and thats why its so easy to relate to him. We see ourselves in Paul, and because of that, the war he suffers through seems all more horrible to us. This age group during WW1 was a damaged and broken generation. They fought for the principle of hatred and the dream of going back home to their families. â€Å"We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? That is long ago. We are old folk. Ch. 1 Pg. 18 The war has altered these boys; it has turned them into matured old men. Remarque was just solidifying the idea of the bad effects that war can have on a person. These boys are just out of school and most of them have probably experienced some sort of traumatic stress, which can permanently damage someone beyond repair. War affects everyone and everything it gets its hands on. It turns innocent boys into murderous me n right before your eyes. It obliterates generations and makes millions suffer through the benefit of no one. Erich Remarque was a German war veteran and experienced firsthand the atrocity that warfare can bring. All Quite on the Western Front symbolizes war exactly. It portrays the horribleness of war through the German soldiers; Baumer and his companions. Remarque has them killed, brutally injured and mentally destroyed, all to prove how terrible war can truly be. Through this novel we can truly go back and see the experiences of WW1 soldiers and how the war changed them in every way possible, as a result All Quite on the Western Front is considered one of the best war novels ever written.

Music and Censorship

Music and Censorship Music and Censorship Music today is an important part of our lives. It is a way to express ourselves as individuals and it is a form of art that helps us define who and what we are. We use it to express our feelings, our views, and our ideas. Today, many artists are faced with censorship and is one of the controversial things that they have to deal with. Censorships purpose is to limit or restrict certain parts of a certain subject. In music words are either changed or bleeped out so that it would be considered appropriate. But, if music considered an art form, then why censor it? Musicians are artists and music is their way of expressing themselves. Censorship takes away everything that defines art and what makes artists ‘artists. In music, there are different types of styles or genres. There is classical, pop, rock, country, metal, and the list would go on. But theres a certain genre thats primarily targeted by censors†¦and that is rap. Rap is probably one of the most popular music genres today, but is also one of the most criticized one. The reason why it is criticized so much is because it has explicit content usually having references to sex, drugs, and violence. To some people they believe that it promotes sex, drug usage, and violence acts while others believe that its simply just self expression. So what if it does talk about all these bad things? What happened to freedom of expression? Freedom to create andfreedom of speechare vital to our society. Music is art and there is no question about that. Censors need to realize that art not only explores on happy and pleasant feelings, but also fear, anger, sadness, and truth in our everyday lives. It is essential to recognize that aside from lyrical qua lity, there are other things the makeup music. In Victor Lombardis Music and Censorship, he quotes Peter Michaelsons, author of The Aesthetics of Pornography in saying â€Å"The responsibility of society, if it accepts poetry as a mode of knowledge, is to remain open to what poets of all genres, including the pornographic, have to say. Otherwise all mirrors will soon reflect the same imbecilic smile.† Censorship isnt something new; in fact, its something thats been implemented dating back in the early 1940s. In Kathleen Anthonys article Censorship of Popular Music: An Analysis of Lyrical Content, she states â€Å"In the 1950s radio networks and stations commonly used this form of censorship, altering song lyrics or removing lyrics deemed offensive for broadcast†¦often the songs meaning was changed considerably and without consulting the songs original lyricist for the revition†(8). In 1985, albums began being labeled with ‘Parental Advisory for explicit content. In Steve Joness article Ban(ned)in the USA: Popular Music and Censorship, he states â€Å"the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) agreed to Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) Request for lables on sound recordings warning of explicit content†(6). However, The ‘Parental Advisory labels and tracks that were edited have only made rap artists even more inspired and creative, and th ats why listeners are even more drawned to it. Many listeners want to hear the original version of the music or track that is censored because it doesnt convey the truth. While some artists choose to write about love, nature, or happy thoughts, others choose to write about struggles in life. If the words in the lyrics are articulated in a manner that is offensive and makes the person uncomfortable, the solution is to simply not listen to it. One of the most controversial music artists today is Eminem. A lot of people absolutely love him and a lot of people hate him. Using his incredible skills in writing and rhyming, he is able to rap pretty much about anything and everything, from his hardships in his early life and his dislike for the mainstream media, he became one of the most well known iconic rapper today. To artists, their work is their pride, it is what defines them and their work is their reflection of themselves. To censor their work is to deny them their ability to express themselves. In Eminems song Till I Collapse, he talks about the importance of his music and how it affects him. â€Å"Music is like magic theres a certain feeling you get when youre real and you spit and people are feeling your shit. This is your moment and every single minute you spend trying to hold onto it cause you may never get it again. So while youre in it try to get as much shit as you can and when your run is over just admit when its at its end.† Eminem feels that it important to hold on that something that is dear you (which is the feeling he experiences when he raps) and not give it up because that is what you are and the feeling you get when you have that is something that you might experience again. â€Å"Cause sometimes you feel tired, feel weak, and when you feel weak, you feel like you wanna just give up. But you gotta search within you, you gotta find that inner strength and just pull that shit out of you and get that motivation to not give up and not be a quitter, no matter how bad you wanna just fall flat on your face and collapse.† In his song Stimulate he talks about how his songs are attacked by censors and people who dislike his music. â€Å"My lyrical content is constantly under fire No wonder why I constantly bomb back To combat attacks with constant concepts When lyrics are constantly took outta context Failure to communicate with congress has Been a problem for the longest, I guess† Eminem is telling the listeners that his lyrics constantly attacked because of the things he says in his music and how everything taken out of context. This only causes him to retaliate by creating more songs based on the reactions hes getting. What people need to realize is that some topics that the artists sing about are purely for entertainment and are not meant literally. â€Å"My music can be slightly amusing You shouldnt take lyrics so serious, it might be confusing Just trying to seperate the truth from entertainment Its stupid, aint it? I get sick of trying to explain it† According to one interview with Eminem, he was quoted as saying: â€Å"A lot of my rhymes are just to get chuckles out of people. Anybody with half a brain is going to be able to tell when Im joking and when Im serious.† However, according to Todd Brauers article Rap Uncensored, â€Å"This is actually quite uncommon. There are many rappers with lyrics like this and most dont bother to clarify what they say as being â€Å"just entertainment.† Rap does present the hard truth about many aspects of inner-city life and our nations hidden problems, but people, especially kids, need to learn that a large portion of the violence, drugs, sex, vulgar language, and images used in rap music are not something to admire.† Even though some many of the rap songs are offensive, it talks about inequality, poverty and politics which contain important messages that people can definitely relate to. This is why so many of the people who lash out against rap music are white people.In Robin Lakoffs book, The Language War, it was explained that the majority group has a tendency to overlook opposing views to keep their power. One can look at Eminem as part of a majority group; however, since he has such a strong relationship with the black culture it makes him an easy target to get bashed. In Bell Hooks interview with rapper Ice Cube she stated â€Å"The way that white people continue their power is, in part, through their control of our (the black races) images and representations.† If someone has control over who gets to say what, then those people have the power to define society. This pretty much says the war over rapcensorshipis not only a battle over whether or not the First Amendment is being crossed, but it is also an attempt by those in power of language to prevent change and suppress those threatening it. Efforts to ban songs by artists like Eminemand Ice Cube would balloon the â€Å"us versus them† mentality even more, leading to people who do not support the songs lyrics but do support free speech (Chideya). The basis of America is to let everyone be able to voice their own opinion so I dont see any good reason for that to be completely taken away. Warning labels, edited album versions, and age restrictions on buying labeled albums serve as a fair compromise without largely limiting peoples access to rap music. I dont think there is a way to completely stop people from obtaining this music without violating some of our constitutional rights. Again, education about the lyrics and topics that exist in rap music seems to be a better combatant.

The Dirty South :: essays research papers

The Dirty South During the times of the Civil Rights Movement the black communities of Birmingham, Alabama suffered severely due to the notorious acts of racism geared towards them simply because they were black. They boldly endured beatings, lynching, bombings, and demeaning treatment from the white community and especially from the Clan. The September 15, 1963 racially motivated bombing of the Birmingham’s Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent black girls, was one of the darkest moments of the Civil Rights Movement and perhaps one of the darkest days in Birmingham, Alabama’s history. Betty Blackman was born and raised in Birmingham. Her life was engulfed by the racism and left her with dramatically scaring memories of Birmingham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. I was born there December 11, 1947. Most of the memories I have of growing up there are the most painful memories that I have, which is strong racism and living in every day fright. I remember not being able to drink out of the cleaner water fountains around town; they were for the white people. The water fountains that were available to us were few, far between and very filthy. The black people were treated like dogs in Birmingham. I remember having to enter of the all stores and restaurants in town through the back entrances. One place I remember so vividly was a restaurant called Stadium Grill. We ordered food there every week while we were doing the wash across the street at the Laundromat. We enter in the back door into a very tiny poorly lit room. There were no tables or chairs for us to sit and eat there, it wasn’t allowed. There was only a small window to which we placed our orders and left. The front of the restaurant was large; it had tables with real cloth coverings and beautiful flowers sitting in the middle of the tables. I never once stepped foot inside the front of that restaurant. The way our communities were much different than they are now. Black people were not allowed to live among the white people. The white people lived in big lavish homes on the far east side of town and the blacks lived on the west side of town in small run down homes. There was, however, one subdivision that the wealthier black families lived. The name of it was the Goldwire Area and even now it never compares to the homes in which the poverty stricken families live now. The Dirty South :: essays research papers The Dirty South During the times of the Civil Rights Movement the black communities of Birmingham, Alabama suffered severely due to the notorious acts of racism geared towards them simply because they were black. They boldly endured beatings, lynching, bombings, and demeaning treatment from the white community and especially from the Clan. The September 15, 1963 racially motivated bombing of the Birmingham’s Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent black girls, was one of the darkest moments of the Civil Rights Movement and perhaps one of the darkest days in Birmingham, Alabama’s history. Betty Blackman was born and raised in Birmingham. Her life was engulfed by the racism and left her with dramatically scaring memories of Birmingham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. I was born there December 11, 1947. Most of the memories I have of growing up there are the most painful memories that I have, which is strong racism and living in every day fright. I remember not being able to drink out of the cleaner water fountains around town; they were for the white people. The water fountains that were available to us were few, far between and very filthy. The black people were treated like dogs in Birmingham. I remember having to enter of the all stores and restaurants in town through the back entrances. One place I remember so vividly was a restaurant called Stadium Grill. We ordered food there every week while we were doing the wash across the street at the Laundromat. We enter in the back door into a very tiny poorly lit room. There were no tables or chairs for us to sit and eat there, it wasn’t allowed. There was only a small window to which we placed our orders and left. The front of the restaurant was large; it had tables with real cloth coverings and beautiful flowers sitting in the middle of the tables. I never once stepped foot inside the front of that restaurant. The way our communities were much different than they are now. Black people were not allowed to live among the white people. The white people lived in big lavish homes on the far east side of town and the blacks lived on the west side of town in small run down homes. There was, however, one subdivision that the wealthier black families lived. The name of it was the Goldwire Area and even now it never compares to the homes in which the poverty stricken families live now.

Relative Density Essay

Abstract The experiment about relative density is composed of three different activities. The first activity is about the Displacement Method for alloy, the second activity is about getting the density of a bone and the third activity is about Regular versus Diet Soft Drinks. 1. Introduction Relative density is the ratio of the density (mass per unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. The theory or the principle that we used for the experiment is the Archimides’ Principle which states that any fluid a buoyant force to an object that is partially or completely immersed in it; the magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. In the experiment we used different formulas. For activity 1 (g) mass of the substance which is Aluminum, (cc) initial level of water, (g/cc) for the experimental value, magnitude of buoyant force [pic]= Wfluid which is weight of displaced fluid. For activity 2 we used formulas for getting the relative density of the bone. For experiment 3 we used formulas like 2. Theory Activity 1: Displacement Method for Alloy The Aluminum bar was weighed and its mass was recorded. Some water was placed into a graduated cylinder and the initial water level was recorded. The Aluminum bar was placed inside the cylinder and the new water level was recorded. The volume of the Aluminum bar was computed by subtracting the initial water level from the resulting water level. The density of the Aluminum bar was computed by dividing its mass by its volume. The calculated density was compared to the standard density (2.7 g/cc) and the % error was taken. Activity 2: Density of a Bone A piece of bone was weighed in air and in water, each reading was recorded as the â€Å"weight of the bone in air† and â€Å"weight of the bone in water† The Relative Density of the bone was then computed by using the formula given. The density of the bone was then computed by multiplying the Relative density of the bone to the density of the water. The status of the bone was identified by referring to the WHO ‘s definition of the diseases a bone can have relative to its own density. Activity 3: Regular versus Diet Soft Drinks The weight of an empty pycnometer, the pycnometer filled with water, pycnometer filled with regular coke, pycnometer filled with coke light, and pycnometer filled with coke zero. The relative density of regular coke, coke light, ad coke zero was computed by using the formulas given. 4. Results and Discussion Table 1 show the results from activity 1, table 2 for activity 2 in activity the finding is that the bone has osteopenia it is or low bone mass because the density of the bone is within 1.0 to 2.5 and table 3 for activity 3.

The “Ohlone Way”

The Ohlone are native peoples who, prior to Spanish colonization, inhabited the coastal region of Northern California. Although regarded as one group, the Ohlone, also called Costanoans, were in truth composed of small, independent groups with members ranging from 100-250 (Cartier, 1991). Their values and perception of the world gave rise to a subsistence economy, communal culture and equalitarian leadership structures. Unlike other larger native Americans who settled down into elaborate cities and developed complex economies, the Ohlone tradition was largely communal (Cartier, 1991).They viewed the land and all resources in nature as sacred. Nature was not something to be individually owned because man not superior to nature but is part of it. Man then has the common responsibility to take care of it for the welfare of future generations. As such, their economy was largely subsistence based which means they worked to obtain what was just enough to keep them alive. There was no conce pt of accumulation of wealth or private property (Margolin, 1978). The tools used in production were crude. They moved their communities a lot in order to follow the bounty of nature ready for harvest.These movements also allow the regeneration of the resources they have used. Because of these factors, their activities were limited to hunting, horticulture, fishing and gathering (Cartier, 1991). A group activity, animals were hunted, trapped or poisoned to be eaten. By pruning, reseeding and burning, the availability of plants extremely necessary for their survival were ensured. They picked medicinal herbs, shells, nuts, eggs and other items they needed. This economy gave rise to a politics that is equalitarian. Leadership was not based on property but on wisdom, capacity and character, the determinants of social status (Margolin, 1978).Although there were wealthier members in the group, they did not take advantage of those who are poorer. Rather, it is the wealthy who were obligate d to provide the resources needed for festivities or to contribute the most during the death of another member. In summary, the Ohlone, may seem backward compared to other indigenous groups or to the present society. However, their economy, politics and culture were the products of their interaction with nature. Because lifeways change over time, population growth and the discovery of better tools and technology would have no doubt contributed to their development as a people.